Causes of Hypertensive Anterior Uveitis in Thailand

ABSTRACT

Purpose

To determine the prevalence of viral infections in patients with hypertensive anterior uveitis in Thailand from polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of aqueous humor.     

槲皮素对脑出血大鼠神经细胞凋亡与Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达的作用研究

目的通过观察大鼠脑出血后神经细胞凋亡与Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达的动态变化及槲皮素的干预作用,探讨槲皮素可能的神经保护作用及机制。方法以雄性健康SD大鼠通过自体血注入法制备大鼠脑出血模型,并随机分为假手术组、脑出血模型组、槲皮素低剂量组、槲皮素高剂量组,共4组,每组30只;槲皮素低剂量组和槲皮素高剂量组分别给予槲皮素10、50 mg/(kg·d)腹腔内注射,假手术组和脑出血模型组给予同等体积生理盐水腹腔内注射,每日1次,连续7 d;各组大鼠分别在术后第6小时、1天、2天、3天、7天通过前肢放置试验评分法评估神经功能缺损,采用TUNEL法检测血肿周围神经细胞凋亡,采用Western blot法检测血肿周围Bcl-2和Bax蛋白的表达情况。结果与模型组比较,槲皮素低剂量组在脑出血后第3天、7天及槲皮素高剂量组在第2天、3天、7天的前肢放置试验评分和Bcl-2蛋白表达均明显增加(P<0.01);与模型组比较,槲皮素低剂量组在第3天、7天及槲皮素高剂量组在第1天、2天、3天、7天的神经细胞凋亡率和Bax蛋白表达均明显降低(P<0.01)。结论槲皮素能减轻脑出血后神经功能损伤,其机制可能与上调Bcl-2蛋白表达,下调Bax蛋白表达,从而减少神经细胞凋亡有关。     

The Potential Role of Neuromodulation in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

ObjectivesAneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) continues to be a difficult cerebrovascular disease with limited pharmacologic treatment options. Cerebral vasospasm (CV) and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) are leading causes of morbidity and mortality after SAH. Despite the advances in the understanding of its pathophysiology and tremendous efforts to date, nimodipine is currently the sole Food and Drug Administration–approved treatment for patients with SAH, with benefits that are marginal at best. The neuromodulation therapies are promising, especially those that target CV and DCI to improve functional outcomes. The aim of this review is therefore to summarize the available evidence for each type of neuromodulation for CV and DCI, with a special focus on its pathophysiological mechanisms, in addition to their clinical utility and drawbacks, which we hope will lead to future translational therapy options after SAH.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical studies demonstrating the use of neuromodulation for SAH. The literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov. A total of 21 articles published from 1992 to 2021 and eight clinical trials were chosen.ResultsThe studies reviewed provide a compelling demonstration that neuromodulation is a potentially useful strategy to target multiple mechanisms of DCI and thus to potentially improve functional outcomes from SAH. There are several types of neuromodulation that have been tested to treat CV and DCI, including the trigeminal/vagus/facial nerve stimulation, sphenopalatine ganglion and spinal cord stimulation, transcranial direct electrical stimulation, transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation, and electroacupuncture. Most of them are in the preclinical or early phases of clinical application; however, they show promising results.ConclusionsDCI has a complex pathogenesis, making the unique anatomical distribution and pleiotropic capabilities of various types of neuromodulation a promising field of study. We may be at the cusp of a breakthrough in the use of these techniques for the treatment of this stubbornly difficult disease.     

卡前列甲酯临床应用专家共识（2020年版）

卡前列甲酯（商品名卡孕栓）是在我国产科和妇科及计划生育领域广泛应用的非注射类前列腺素药物，由中国医学科学院药物研究所研究合成及东北制药集团生产，1993年国内上市，属国家一类新药。继2013年发布我国《卡前列甲酯临床应用专家共识（2013年版）》以来［1］，不仅产品疗效和安全性在临床实际应用中得到进一步检验和认可，成为妇产科领域医疗单位基本用药，而且该药物的临床作用和价值更在临床实践中不断扩展和提升［2-11］。 浏览更多请关注本刊微信公众号及当期杂志。     

脑出血围手术期护理安全中细节管理的重要性分析

目的分析脑出血围手术期护理安全中细节管理的重要性。方法将于2018年6-10月在该院接受治疗的60例脑出血围术期患者作为该研究的常规组。将于2018年11月-2019年3月在该院接受治疗的60例脑出血围术期患者作为该研究的细节组。该院于2018年11月开始实施细节管理,以加强保障脑出血围术期患者的安全。对比两组患者的护理满意度、手术失败率、死亡率、住院时间及日常生活能力。结果细节组护理满意度明显高于常规组(P<0.05)。常规组的手术失败率、死亡率为均高于细节组,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);细节组的住院时间明显短于常规组(P<0.05),ADL评分明显大于常规组(P<0.05)。结论细节管理在脑出血围手术期护理安全中具有相当重要性,可提升护理满意度,加快恢复速度,提升恢复效果。     

骨盆骨折大出血救治技术与流程

由于骨盆的特殊结构,其内侧的血管网损伤导致不可压迫性出血。即使创伤中心和救治体系的建设,以及损害控制技术等发展,病死率仍然高达30%~60%。损害控制性复苏、骨盆带、外固定支架、复苏性腹主动脉内球囊阻断(REBOA)、动脉栓塞和腹膜外填塞等技术不断发展,部分已经得到普及,但迄今仍没有公认的确定性止血流程。我国正在普遍建设创伤中心,亟待制订适合我国的骨盆骨折大出血患者的救治流程,以提高救治成功率。本文阐述控制骨盆骨折大出血的外科技术和流程进展供同道参考。     

妊娠期休克指数特点及与产后出血结局的相关性研究

目的:测定产妇在不同围产期的休克指数,研究围产期不同时期休克指数的特点,探讨休克指数与产后出血结果的关系。方法:选取2017年1月-2018年12月在恩平市人民医院妊娠足月待产的产妇共129例,根据患者产后是否发生产后大出血(即阴道分娩后24 h累计失血量>500 mL或剖宫产术后累计失血量>1000 mL),将产妇分为出血组(41例)和对照组(88例)。在两组产妇临产时、胎儿娩出后及产后12 h检测产妇的心率和收缩压,计算休克指数(休克指数=心率/收缩压),比较不同阶段两组产妇的休克指数,并分析不同阶段休克指数与产后出血量的相关性。结果:两组产妇在临产时和胎儿娩出后所测得的休克指数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。但在产后12 h,出血组产妇的休克指数显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。临产时及胎儿娩出后,产妇的休克指数与产后出血量无显著相关性(P>0.05)。但产后12 h,产妇休克指数与产后出血量呈显著负相关(R=-0.382,P=0.029)。结论:临产时和胎儿娩出后产妇的休克指数与产后出血无关,但产后12 h的休克指数与产妇产后出血有一定关系,可用于预测和发现产后出血。     

De novo p.G696S mutation in COL4A1 causes intracranial calcification and late-onset cerebral hemorrhage: A case report and review of the literature

BackgroundThe collagen type IV alpha 1 chain (COL4A1) is an essential component of the basement membrane in small vessels. Pathogenic variants in COL4A1 cause perinatal cerebral hemorrhages in an autosomal-dominant fashion. However, little is known about the long-term outcomes of patients with mildly affecting COL4A1 mutations.Case reportWe report a 17-year-old boy, who presented with recurrent intracranial hemorrhages in the periventricular white matter. He had been followed-up as a child with cerebral palsy bearing intracranial calcifications, developmental delay and epilepsy. Screening tests in infancy provided negative results for intrauterine infections. Severe motor and cognitive deficits persisted after admission. Carbazochrome was introduced on day 19 of admission, which appeared to prevent extension and reactivation of cerebral hemorrhages for over 6 months after discharge.ResultsTargeted sequencing of NOTCH3 and TREX1 excluded causal mutations in these genes. The whole-exome sequencing revealed that he carried a de novo mutation in COL4A1 (p.Gly696Ser). An overview of the literature for 345 cases with COL4A1 mutations supported evidence that p.Gly696Ser is associated with the unique phenotype of late-onset hemorrhage among patients with COL4A1-associated cerebral angiopathy.ConclusionsThis case first demonstrates that infants with COL4A1-associated leukoencephalopathy and calcifications have a risk for developing the rupture of small vessels in the cerebral white matter after 10 years of age.     

微创穿刺抽吸术与开颅手术治疗脑出血的疗效

目的探讨微创穿刺抽吸术与开颅手术治疗脑出血的疗效。方法选择2017年1月-2018年1月治疗的脑出血患者80例作为对象,根据住院时间先后顺序随机数字表分为对照组(n=40)和观察组(n=40)。观察组给予患者微创穿刺抽吸术治疗,对照组给予患者开颅手术治疗,比较两组患者术后总治愈效率和手术开展时间、住院天数。结果观察组手术开展时间、住院天数短于对照组(P<0.05);观察组的总治愈效率为90%高于对照组75%(P<0.05);观察组患者术后意识恢复时间短于对照组(P<0.05)观察组患者术后肢体障碍及肺部感染、伤口感染发生率均略低于对照组,但差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论微创穿刺抽吸术在脑出血临床治疗中比开颅手术总治愈率高、安全性高、恢复快。